User Guide

Guides

• Stair Calculation: Number of Steps, Riser Height and Tread Depth – How many steps does a staircase need, and how high and deep should each one be? Start from the floor-to-floor height, apply the 2h + b = 63 cm rule and check the result in the calculator.
• Self-Levelling Screed Consumption per m²: How Much You Need – Self-levelling compound consumption is about 1.7 kg per m² for every millimetre of thickness. Here is how to turn area and thickness into kilograms and 25 kg bags.
• Putty and Paint Consumption per m²: How Much for a Wall – How much putty and paint do you need for a room or a 50 m² wall? The calculator uses 1.5 kg of putty per m² (two coats) and 0.125 l of paint per m² per coat.
• Facade Calculation: Area, ETICS Materials and Quantities – How do you calculate a facade? Work out the net wall area, multiply it by the consumption of each ETICS layer and round up to whole packs. Here are the steps, a table per m² and a worked example.

Tiles

How do I measure a room for tiles?

1. Measure the length and width of the room in meters.
2. Enter the tile dimensions (e.g. 60x60 cm).
3. Select the surface type (floor or wall).
4. Add a 5-10% reserve for cutting.

Example: Bathroom 2.5m x 3m = 7.5 m². With a 10% reserve you need ~8.25 m² of tiles.

How do I calculate adhesive and grout?

The calculator automatically calculates the required adhesive and grout based on:

• Area (m²)
• Tile dimensions
• Joint width
• Adhesive layer thickness

Larger tiles require more adhesive. A layer thickness of 3-5mm is recommended for floors, 2-3mm for walls.

How do I add a reserve for cutting?

The reserve depends on the complexity of the room:

• Simple room (rectangle): 5%
• Moderately complex (small openings): 7-8%
• Complex room (many corners, columns): 10-15%
• Diagonal laying: +5% extra

The calculator automatically adds the selected reserve to the total area.

How do I choose the tile size?

Recommendations for choosing the size:

• Small rooms (up to 4m²): 30x30 or 45x45 cm
• Medium rooms (4-10m²): 60x60 cm
• Large rooms (10+ m²): 60x120 or 80x80 cm

Larger tiles visually enlarge the room, but require a flatter substrate.

How do I calculate tiles for a wall?

For wall tiles:

1. Measure the height and width of each wall
2. Deduct the area of windows and doors
3. Add up all the walls

Tip: Wall tiles usually have different dimensions than floor tiles. Common sizes are 25x50, 30x60 or 20x60 cm.

What is the standard joint width?

Recommended joint widths:

• Rectified tiles: 1.5-2 mm
• Standard tiles: 2-3 mm
• Rustic tiles: 3-5 mm
• Outdoor installation: 5-10 mm

Wider joint = higher grout consumption. The calculator calculates this automatically.

How do I calculate tiles for multiple rooms?

The calculator supports adding multiple areas:

1. Click 'Add area'
2. Enter the dimensions of each room
3. Give each area a name (e.g. 'Bathroom', 'WC')

The calculator adds up all areas and gives a total material calculation.

What is the difference between floor and wall tiles?

Floor tiles:
• Thicker (8-12 mm)
• Anti-slip (R9-R11)
• More wear-resistant

Wall tiles:
• Thinner (6-8 mm)
• Glossier surfaces
• Easier to cut

Do not lay wall tiles on the floor!

What does the R rating on tiles mean?

The R rating indicates slip resistance:

• R9: minimal slip resistance (dry areas)
• R10: moderate (bathrooms, kitchens)
• R11: good (terraces, balconies)
• R12-R13: high (pools, industrial floors)

A minimum of R10 is recommended for bathrooms.

How do I calculate corner trims?

Corner trims are used for finishes and edges:

• Inside corners: add up the height of all inside corners
• Outside corners: add up the height of all outside corners
• Finishing edges: measure the length of all open edges

Trims come in lengths of 2.5 m.

What is a rectified tile?

Rectified tiles have precisely ground edges at a 90° angle.

Advantages:
• Minimal joint (1.5-2 mm)
• Modern look
• Flatter surface

Disadvantage: They are more expensive and require a more precise substrate.

How do I calculate mosaic tiles?

Mosaic tiles come on a mesh sheet (most often 30x30 cm):

• Calculate the area in m²
• Divide by the sheet size (0.09 m² for 30x30)
• Add 10% reserve

Mosaics are usually sold in boxes of 1 m².

How do I lay tiles diagonally?

Diagonal laying (at 45°):

• Visually enlarges the room
• Requires more cutting
• Add 10-15% reserve (instead of 5-10%)

The calculator automatically adjusts the quantity for diagonal laying.

How much adhesive per m² for large tiles?

Adhesive consumption for large formats (60x60 cm and larger):

• 10mm notched trowel: 4-5 kg/m²
• 12mm notched trowel: 5-6 kg/m²
• Combined method: 6-8 kg/m²

For tiles larger than 80x80 cm use the combined method (adhesive on the substrate AND on the tile).

What is the combined (back-buttering) method?

The combined method means applying adhesive to:
• The substrate (with a notched trowel)
• The back of the tile (thin layer)

Mandatory for:
• Tiles larger than 60x60 cm
• Laying on a terrace
• Unstable substrates

Ensures 100% contact without voids.

How do I calculate waterproofing for a bathroom?

Waterproofing is applied before the tiles:

• Floor: the whole area + 15 cm up the walls
• Shower zone: from the floor up to 200 cm height
• Around the bathtub: 50 cm above the edge

Consumption: ~1.5-2 kg/m² (two layers).

What is the price of laying tiles?

Indicative labor prices (2024):

• Simple laying: 15-20 €/m²
• More complex (mosaic, diagonal): 25-35 €/m²
• Wall tiles: 18-25 €/m²

Material is charged separately. Prices vary by region.

How do I prepare the substrate for tiles?

A good substrate is crucial:

1. Remove the old floor or clean the surface
2. Check flatness (max 3mm over 2m)
3. Prime absorbent substrates
4. Apply self-leveling compound if needed

Uneven substrate = cracked tiles and adhesive.

How long does the adhesive take to dry?

Adhesive drying times:

• Initial hardening: 24 hours
• Grouting: after 24-48 hours
• Full load: after 7 days

Do not walk on freshly laid tiles for at least 24 hours!

How do I calculate tiles for stairs?

For stairs measure:

• Tread (horizontal surface): width × depth
• Riser (vertical surface): width × height
• Number of steps

Total area = (tread + riser) × number of steps + 15% reserve.

What is epoxy grout?

Epoxy grout is a two-component grout that:

• Does not absorb water
• Is resistant to chemicals
• Does not change color
• Is ideal for kitchens and bathrooms

Disadvantage: More expensive and harder to apply. Consumption is similar to cement grout.

How do I calculate tiles for a shower cabin?

For a walk-in shower without a tray:

• Floor: cabin area + slope toward the drain
• Walls: cabin perimeter × height (usually 200-220 cm)

Use R10-R11 anti-slip tiles for the floor and mosaic to follow the slope more easily.

Can I lay tiles over tiles?

Yes, with conditions:

• The old tiles must be firmly attached
• The surface must be treated (sanded or primed)
• Use flexible adhesive
• Watch the height (thresholds, doors)

Check the load capacity of the substrate for the extra weight.

How do I calculate borders and decorative tiles?

Borders and decorative tiles:

• Measure the length where they will be installed
• Divide by the length of one piece
• Add 10% reserve for cutting

Borders are usually installed at a height of 90-100 cm or as a wall finish.

What is adhesive class C2?

Tile adhesive classes:

• C1: standard (indoor floors)
• C2: improved (outdoor use, large formats)
• C2S1: flexible (deformable substrates)
• C2S2: highly flexible (heated floors)

For large tiles use at least C2.

How do I calculate tiles for a swimming pool?

For a pool you calculate:

• Bottom: length × width
• Sides: 2 × (length × depth) + 2 × (width × depth)
• Edge: perimeter × edge width

Use special pool tiles and epoxy grout.

How do I calculate tiles for a terrace?

For a terrace:

• Area: length × width
• Skirting: perimeter × skirting height (usually 10 cm)
• Edge tiles: length of free edges

Use frost-resistant tiles (water absorption < 3%).

What does the PEI rating on tiles mean?

PEI indicates wear resistance:

• PEI 1: walls only
• PEI 2: bathrooms, bedrooms
• PEI 3: living rooms, kitchens
• PEI 4: hallways, offices
• PEI 5: public spaces

For a home, PEI 3-4 is sufficient.

How do I prevent voids under tiles?

Voids occur because of:

• Too little adhesive
• Adhesive that has dried out
• Poorly prepared substrate

Prevention:
• Use the right trowel tooth size
• Work in smaller areas
• Check the flatness of the substrate

How much does a m² of tiles cost?

Indicative tile prices (2024):

• Economy: 8-15 €/m²
• Mid-range: 20-35 €/m²
• Premium: 40-80 €/m²
• Luxury: 100+ €/m²

Prices vary depending on quality, design and brand.

Levelers

What are leveling clips and why use them?

Leveling clips are a system for achieving a perfectly flat surface when laying tiles.

It consists of:
• Leveler (clip) - placed under the tile
• Wedge - tightens the levelers and ensures the plane

Recommended for tiles larger than 30x30 cm and for less experienced tilers.

How many levelers do I need per m²?

The number of levelers depends on the tile dimensions:

• 30x30 cm: ~25 pcs/m²
• 60x60 cm: ~11 pcs/m²
• 60x120 cm: ~8 pcs/m²

The calculator automatically calculates the exact number based on your tile dimensions.

How do I install levelers?

Installation steps:

1. Apply adhesive to the substrate
2. Place the tile
3. Place a leveler at the tile junction
4. Place the adjacent tile
5. Insert the wedge into the leveler
6. Tighten until the tiles are flush

After the adhesive dries, break off the top part of the leveler.

Can I reuse the wedges?

Yes! Wedges are reusable.

• Wedges can be used 15-20 times
• Levelers (clips) are single-use
• After the adhesive dries, the wedges are pulled out

When buying, buy wedges in a smaller ratio (e.g. 1 wedge per 4-5 levelers).

What leveler thickness for my tiles?

Choosing the leveler thickness:

• 1 mm - for rectified tiles with minimal joint
• 1.5 mm - standard choice for most tiles
• 2 mm - for standard tiles with a wider joint
• 3 mm - for rustic tiles

Leveler thickness = minimum joint width.

Interactive leveler pyramid

The calculator shows an interactive 3D pyramid:

• Shows the structure of the leveler box
• Click for more product information
• Visually explains the leveling system

The pyramid shows how a leveler holds two adjacent tiles in the same plane.

When are levelers NOT needed?

Levelers are not needed:

• For small tiles (up to 20x20 cm)
• For mosaic tiles
• When the substrate is perfectly flat
• For experienced tilers

For beginners and large formats (60x60+), levelers make the job significantly easier.

Which type of leveler should I choose?

Leveler types:

• T-shape: standard, for cross joints
• I-shape: for straight joints, smaller areas
• Rotary: faster installation, more expensive

For most jobs the T-shape leveler is the best choice.

How do I calculate wedges for a project?

Ratio of levelers to wedges:

• Standard: 1 wedge per 4-5 levelers
• For smaller projects: 1 wedge per 3 levelers

Example: 500 levelers → 100-125 wedges

Buy wedges with a reserve because they can be lost or damaged.

How do I remove levelers after drying?

Removing levelers:

1. Wait until the adhesive has completely hardened (24-48h)
2. Strike the leveler with a hammer parallel to the joint
3. The leveler will break off at the joint line
4. Pull out the wedge by hand

Never strike perpendicularly - you can damage the tile!

How many levelers per tile?

Recommended number of levelers:

• 30x30 cm: 2 pcs/tile
• 60x60 cm: 2-3 pcs/tile
• 60x120 cm: 3-4 pcs/tile
• 120x120 cm: 4 pcs/tile

Place them 5-10 cm from the tile edges.

Can I use levelers for wall tiles?

Yes, levelers are also used for wall tiles!

• Especially useful for large formats
• Prevent sliding while the adhesive dries
• Same principle as for floors

For walls use fast-setting adhesive to prevent sliding.

What to do if a leveler cannot be broken off?

If a leveler is stuck:

• Wait an additional 24 hours
• Use pliers to grip it
• Strike at a sharp angle
• Never force it - you can damage the tile

If a part stays in the joint, cut it out with a knife before grouting.

Levelers for heated floors

For heated floors:

• Use the same levelers as for standard floors
• The adhesive must be suitable for heated floors (C2S1/S2)
• The substrate temperature must not exceed 5°C during laying
• Turn on the heating only after 28 days

How do I calculate the cost of levelers?

Indicative prices (2024):

• Levelers: 0.03-0.05 €/pc
• Wedges: 0.10-0.15 €/pc

Example for 50 m² (60x60 tiles):
• Levelers: 550 × 0.04 = 22 €
• Wedges: 110 × 0.12 = 13 €
• Total: ~35 €

Difference between plastic and metal wedges

Plastic wedges:
• Cheaper
• 15-20 uses
• Standard choice

Metal wedges:
• More durable (50+ uses)
• More expensive
• For professionals

For one-off projects plastic wedges are sufficient.

How do I store levelers?

Proper storage:

• Keep in a dry place
• Avoid direct sunlight
• Keep wedges in a box
• Unused levelers have no expiry date

Quality levelers can be stored for years.

Levelers for outdoor use

For terraces and balconies:

• Use standard levelers
• Flexible adhesive (C2S1/S2) is mandatory
• Mind the slope for drainage
• Levelers help maintain the plane despite the slope

Slope: 1-2% toward the drain.

How do I calculate levelers for an L-shaped room?

For irregular rooms:

1. Divide the room into rectangles
2. Calculate each part separately
3. Add up the total area
4. Use the calculator for the calculation

Do not forget extra levelers for the edges of the irregular parts.

What if the tiles have different thicknesses?

For tiles of different thicknesses:

• Levelers are not suitable
• Use leveling shims
• Apply more adhesive under the thinner tile

Levelers are designed for tiles of equal thickness.

Levelers for mosaic on a mesh sheet

For mosaic tiles:

• Levelers are usually not needed
• Mosaic is flexible and follows the substrate
• They can be used for large mosaic sheets (30x30+)

Alternative: use a straightedge to check flatness.

How to choose quality levelers?

Signs of quality:

• Solid plastic without cracks
• Smooth surface
• Precise dimensions
• Even base thickness

Avoid the cheapest options - they break easily and do not hold tiles properly.

How much time do levelers save?

Levelers can save time:

• Faster installation (no need to constantly check flatness)
• Fewer corrections
• More consistent result

For beginners: 20-30% time saved
For professionals: 10-15% time saved

Alternative to levelers

If you do not have levelers:

• Rubber mallet for adjusting
• Spirit level for checking
• 2m straightedge for control
• String line for alignment

Without levelers, more experience and attention are needed.

Most common mistakes with levelers

Avoid these mistakes:

• Over-tightening (the tile cracks)
• Placing too close to the edge
• Using them with adhesive that has dried out
• Removing before fully cured

Follow the manufacturer's instructions for best results.

Levelers and expansion joints

Do not place levelers:

• Over expansion joints
• At the junction of floor and wall
• Between different materials

Expansion joints must stay free for substrate movement.

How to pack levelers for storage?

For returning unused levelers:

• Keep them in the original box
• Separate the levelers from the wedges
• Clean the wedges of adhesive
• Mark the thickness on the box

Levelers have no shelf life if kept dry.

Paint

How to measure a room for painting?

1. Enter the room dimensions (length, width, height).
2. Choose what you are painting: walls, ceiling or both.
3. Enter the number and dimensions of windows and doors - these are deducted automatically.

Tip: White is often used for the ceiling, and a tone-on-tone or contrast colour for the walls.

How much paint do I need for two coats?

Standard paint consumption is about 0.15-0.25 L/m² per coat.

For two coats calculate:
• Area x 2 coats x 0.20 L/m²

Example: 50 m² x 2 x 0.20 = 20 litres of paint

The calculator automatically uses the recommended number of coats.

How much skim coat do I need?

Skim coat consumption depends on the condition of the walls:

• New, flat walls: 0.5-1 kg/m²
• Older walls with minor unevenness: 1-1.5 kg/m²
• Walls with major unevenness: 1.5-2.5 kg/m²

The calculator uses a standard consumption of 1 kg/m² for one coat.

How to calculate paint for multiple rooms?

The calculator supports two modes:

1. By rooms - enter the dimensions of each room
2. Total area - quick entry if you know the m²

For each room you can choose what you are painting (walls, ceiling) and deduct openings.

What is the difference between dispersion and latex paint?

Dispersion paint:
• Lower consumption (~0.15 L/m²)
• Lower washability
• For ceilings and less used spaces

Latex paint:
• Higher consumption (~0.20 L/m²)
• Washable
• For hallways, kitchens, children's rooms

Do I need to prime before painting?

Priming is recommended:

• On new walls (they absorb too much paint)
• On old, chalky surfaces
• Before applying a dark colour
• On skim coat before the first coat

Primer reduces paint consumption and improves adhesion.

How to calculate the ceiling area?

Ceiling area = room length × width

Example: Room 4m × 5m = 20 m² of ceiling

For sloped ceilings or more complex shapes, divide into rectangles and add up the areas.

What are skim coat finishes Q1, Q2, Q3?

Skim finish quality by standard:

• Q1: base coat, trowel marks visible
• Q2: standard coat, for matt paints
• Q3: fine coat, for semi-matt and gloss paints
• Q4: finest, for varnishes and special finishes

For most walls Q2 is enough.

How to apply paint with a roller?

Roller technique:

1. Dip the roller and squeeze out the excess
2. Work in W or M strokes
3. Fill in the strokes without lifting the roller
4. Finish with vertical strokes

For ceilings, start at the window and work inwards.

How long does paint take to dry between coats?

Drying time between coats:

• Dispersion paint: 2-4 hours
• Latex paint: 4-6 hours
• Oil paint: 24 hours

Do not rush - an insufficiently dried coat may peel or leave marks.

How to calculate paint for a staircase?

For painting a staircase:

• Walls: height × length of the stairs (both sides)
• Ceiling: projected area
• Railing: length × both sides

Add 10% for the complexity of the space.

Which paint for damp rooms?

For bathrooms and kitchens:

• Use moisture-resistant paint
• Semi-matt or satin finish
• Antibacterial properties are a plus
• Avoid matt paints

Consumption is usually 10-15% higher for special paints.

How to paint a light colour over a dark one?

To cover a dark colour:

1. Apply an isolating primer (1-2 coats)
2. Wait for it to dry
3. Apply 2-3 coats of the new paint

Without primer you will need 4-6 coats of paint!

How much paint for one coat?

Consumption for one coat:

• White paint: 0.10-0.12 L/m²
• Tinted paint: 0.12-0.15 L/m²
• Dark paint: 0.15-0.18 L/m²

Darker colours cover less well, so they use more.

How to protect the floor while painting?

Floor protection:

• Plastic sheeting: 0.05-0.10 €/m²
• Protective paper: 0.15-0.20 €/m²
• Edge tape: ~5 €/50m

Calculate: floor area + 30 cm along the walls for safety.

What is wood stain and when to use it?

Wood stain is a transparent paint for wood:

• Highlights the wood texture
• Protects against UV rays and moisture
• Used for beams, doors, furniture

Consumption: 0.08-0.12 L/m² per coat (2-3 coats).

How to calculate paint for radiators?

For radiators:

• Front: height × width
• Sides: 2 × height × depth
• Sectional: number of sections × 0.25 m²

Use a special heat-resistant radiator paint.

How to mix paint?

Proper paint mixing:

1. Stir each can separately
2. For larger projects, pour all the cans into a larger container
3. Mix thoroughly

This ensures a uniform colour without variations between cans.

How much does painting cost per m²?

Approximate labour prices (2024):

• Painting only: 3-5 €/m²
• Skimming + painting: 8-12 €/m²
• Complete work: 12-18 €/m²

Material is charged separately.

How to paint corners and edges?

For corners and edges:

1. Use a small brush (2-3 cm)
2. Paint all corners and edges first
3. Then continue with the roller

This ensures clean lines without marks.

What to do with leftover paint?

Storing leftover paint:

• Close the can tightly
• Turn the can upside down for 30 seconds
• Store in a dry, cool place
• Mark the date and the room

Paint lasts 2-3 years if properly sealed.

How to fix roller marks?

If roller marks are visible:

• Lightly sand the surface
• Apply a thin levelling coat
• Use a better-quality roller
• Work faster while the paint is wet

Prevention: use enough paint and do not press too hard.

How to calculate coatings for a facade?

For facade paint:

• Facade area in m²
• Deduct windows and doors
• Consumption: 0.20-0.30 L/m² per coat
• 2 coats recommended

Facade paint is thicker and has higher consumption.

When to use an airless sprayer?

An airless sprayer is ideal for:

• Large surfaces (100+ m²)
• Ceilings
• Fast projects

Disadvantages:
• Higher paint consumption (20-30%)
• Requires experience
• More preparation for masking

How to calculate paint for cabinets?

For kitchen cabinets:

• Front: height × width × number of doors
• Sides: height × depth × 2 (end cabinets)
• Add 20% for edges and interior

Use lacquer paint or furniture finish.

What are emulsion and enamel?

Emulsion (water-based paint):
• For walls and ceilings
• Dries quickly
• Easy to clean

Enamel (oil-based paint):
• For wood and metal
• Dries slowly
• More durable surface
• Requires thinner

How many rollers for a project?

Recommended number of rollers:

• Up to 50 m²: 2 rollers
• 50-100 m²: 3-4 rollers
• 100+ m²: 5+ rollers

Rollers wear out and lose their texture over time. Replace them regularly.

How to prepare a new wall for painting?

Preparing a new wall:

1. Wait at least 4 weeks for drying
2. Remove dust
3. Apply primer (paint diluted 1:1)
4. Wait for it to dry
5. Apply two coats of paint

Best time for painting?

Ideal painting conditions:

• Temperature: 15-25°C
• Humidity: 40-70%
• No direct sun
• Good ventilation

Avoid painting in heat and cold.

Facade

What is an ETICS system?

ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) is a facade thermal insulation system consisting of:

1. Adhesive for bonding EPS/wool
2. EPS or mineral wool
3. Anchors for fixing
4. Reinforcing mesh
5. Base coat (adhesive)
6. Quartz primer
7. Finishing render

The calculator computes all materials based on the area.

How to choose the insulation thickness?

Insulation thickness depends on:
• The climate in your area
• Wall type (concrete, brick, block)
• Desired U-value

Recommended thicknesses:
• 10 cm - minimum for new builds
• 15 cm - standard for colder climates
• 20+ cm - passive houses

Use the thermal insulation calculator for a precise calculation.

How much adhesive do I need for a facade?

Adhesive consumption by stage:

• Bonding the insulation: 4-5 kg/m²
• Reinforcing layer: 4-5 kg/m²
• Total: ~10 kg/m²

The calculator computes the number of 25 kg bags for your area.

What is quartz primer?

Quartz primer is an intermediate layer between the reinforcing layer and the finishing render.

Functions:
• Improves adhesion of the finishing render
• Evens out the absorbency of the substrate
• Makes applying the finishing layer easier

Consumption: ~0.2 kg/m². Packaging: 25 kg buckets.

How to calculate the finishing render?

Finishing render consumption depends on the grain size:

• 1.5 mm grain: ~2.5 kg/m²
• 2.0 mm grain: ~3.0 kg/m²
• 2.5 mm grain: ~3.5 kg/m²

The calculator automatically computes the required buckets (25 kg) for your area.

How much reinforcing mesh do I need?

Reinforcing mesh is laid with a 10 cm overlap.

Calculation:
• Facade area + 10% for overlaps
• Rolls are usually 50 m² (1m × 50m)

The calculator automatically adds the required overlap and computes the number of rolls.

EPS or mineral wool for the facade?

EPS (polystyrene):
• Cheaper
• Easier to install
• Must not be used above 22m height

Mineral wool:
• Better sound insulation
• Vapour permeable
• Mandatory on fire barriers
• More expensive

What are fire barriers?

Fire barriers are mineral wool zones on an EPS facade:

• Above each floor
• Around windows and doors
• Minimum 20 cm in height

Mandatory for buildings above 22m. They prevent fire from spreading across the facade.

How to calculate window sills?

For window sills:

• Length: window width + 10 cm (5 cm on each side)
• Depth: depends on the insulation thickness + 3-5 cm overhang

The calculator computes the total length of sills for all windows.

How many corner profiles?

Corner profiles:

• All external corners of the building: add up all the heights
• Window and door corners: 4 × height/width of each opening
• Profiles come in lengths of 2-2.5 m

Add 10% for cutting and waste.

How to prepare a wall for a facade?

Wall preparation:

1. Remove old render if it is damaged
2. Repair cracks
3. Remove dust and dirt
4. Prime if the substrate is absorbent

Flat wall = better bonding of the insulation.

What is the anchor layout on a facade?

Standard anchor layout:

• Central zone: 6 anchors/m²
• Edge zone (1m from the edge): 8 anchors/m²
• Corners: 10-12 anchors/m²

The calculator automatically computes the number of anchors by zone.

How long does each layer take to dry?

Drying time by layer:

• EPS adhesive: 24-48 hours
• Reinforcing layer: 24-48 hours
• Quartz primer: 24 hours
• Finishing render: 24-48 hours

Do not work in rain, fog or at temperatures below 5°C.

How to calculate the plinth?

Facade plinth (up to 30 cm above ground):

• XPS is used instead of EPS (water-resistant)
• Finish: stone render or mosaic
• House perimeter × plinth height

Mosaic consumption: ~3 kg/m².

What is graphite EPS?

Graphite EPS (grey polystyrene):

• Lambda: 0.031 W/mK (better than white at 0.038)
• For the same insulation, 20% less thickness is needed
• 15-20% more expensive
• More sensitive to UV (cover it sooner)

It pays off where thickness is limited.

How to finish openings?

Finishing windows and doors:

1. Alu or PVC window profiles
2. Reveal insulation (usually 2-3 cm EPS)
3. Reinforcing layer with diagonal reinforcements
4. Finishing

Do not forget the sealing between the profile and the joinery.

How long does it take to insulate a house facade?

Approximate time for a 150 m² house:

• Preparation: 1-2 days
• Bonding the EPS: 2-3 days
• Anchoring: 1 day
• Reinforcing layer: 2-3 days
• Finishing render: 1-2 days

Total: 10-15 working days (depending on weather conditions).

What is the price of a facade per m²?

Approximate prices (2024):

• Material: 25-40 €/m²
• Labour: 15-25 €/m²
• Total with material: 40-65 €/m²

The price depends on the insulation thickness, the type of render and the complexity of the facade.

How to calculate scaffolding?

For scaffolding:

• Facade area in m²
• Rental price: 3-6 €/m²/month
• Erection and dismantling: 2-4 €/m²

Planning: rent the scaffolding for long enough to avoid extensions.

What are expansion joints?

Expansion joints are gaps that allow materials to move:

• At junctions of different materials
• On longer walls (every 6-8 m)
• Elastic sealants are used

Do not reinforce over expansion joints!

How to glue EPS boards?

EPS bonding technique:

• Apply adhesive around the perimeter + 3 dabs in the middle
• Coverage: at least 40% of the surface
• Install from the bottom row upwards
• Stagger the joints by half a board

Never glue using dabs only!

How to calculate drip edge profiles?

Drip edge profiles:

• Below all windows: add up all the widths
• On the plinth: house perimeter
• Profiles come in lengths of 2 m

Add 10% for cutting and joints.

What is the warranty on a facade?

Standard warranties:

• Labour: 2-5 years
• Material: 10-25 years (depending on the manufacturer)
• System: ETA certificates guarantee durability of 25+ years

Use materials from the same manufacturer for the full system warranty.

How to choose the facade colour?

Tips for choosing the colour:

• Light colours: absorb less heat, last longer
• Dark colours: require higher-quality render
• HBW value: at least 25 for dark shades

Check local regulations on facade colours.

What is the finishing render texture?

Types of finishing render texture:

• Scratched: classic, uniform texture
• Sprayed: more rustic look
• Smooth: modern look, more demanding

Scratched texture is the most popular and the easiest to apply.

How to calculate the facade area?

Facade area:

• Gross: all walls without deductions
• Net: gross - windows - doors - garage
• For material: use gross + openings (because the reveals are covered)

The calculator automatically computes both values.

Do I need a building permit for a facade?

In Croatia:

• Energy renovation: no permit needed
• Change of appearance: approval may be needed
• Protected buildings: permit from the conservation office required

Check local regulations before starting work.

How to calculate climbing plants and pipes?

Around installations on the facade:

• Exclude the area from the calculation
• Add extra material for the wrapping
• Use special brackets for installations

It is better to remove installations during the works if possible.

What if it rains during the works?

Rain protection:

• EPS can stay outdoors for up to 2 weeks
• The reinforcing layer must dry before rain
• Finishing render: do not apply if rain is forecast

Protect unfinished sections with sheeting.

Anchors

How to choose the anchor type?

The anchor type depends on the substrate:

• Concrete: plastic anchor with a screw
• Hollow block: anchor with expansion
• Polystyrene: facade anchor with a long shaft

Anchor length = insulation thickness + 50mm of anchoring into the substrate.

The calculator uses standard layout patterns to calculate the number of anchors.

How many anchors per m² of facade?

Standard layouts:

• T-pattern: 6-8 anchors/m²
• W-pattern: 8-10 anchors/m²

Edge and corner areas require higher density (up to 12/m²).

The calculator automatically adds allowances for edges and openings.

What is the T-pattern anchor layout?

The T-pattern is an anchor layout in the shape of the letter T:

• Anchor in the middle of each board
• Anchors at the joints in a T shape
• More economical option
• Used in the central zones of the facade

The calculator visually shows the T-pattern layout.

What is the W-pattern anchor layout?

The W-pattern is a denser anchor layout:

• Anchor in the middle of each board
• Additional anchors at all corners
• Firmer hold of the insulation
• Used at edges and exposed zones

The W-pattern requires more anchors but gives greater safety.

How to calculate the anchor length?

Formula: Anchor length = insulation thickness + anchoring

Recommended anchoring:
• Concrete: 40-50 mm
• Solid brick: 50-60 mm
• Hollow block: 70-80 mm

Example: EPS 15 cm + concrete = 150 + 50 = 200 mm anchor

Do I need more anchors at the corners?

Yes! Corners and edges require higher density:

• Central zone: 6 anchors/m²
• Edge zone (1m from the edge): 8 anchors/m²
• Corners: 10-12 anchors/m²

Reason: Greater wind load at edges and corners.

Plastic or metal anchor?

Plastic anchor:
• For EPS up to 20 cm
• No thermal bridges
• More economical

Metal anchor:
• For mineral wool
• For thicker insulation
• Higher load capacity
• Can create thermal bridges

How to drill holes for anchors?

Proper drilling:

1. Use a drill bit of the appropriate diameter
2. Depth = anchor length
3. Hold the drill bit perpendicular
4. Clean the hole of dust

For hollow blocks use drilling without hammer action.

What is the load capacity of a facade anchor?

Load capacity depends on the substrate:

• Concrete: 0.5-1.0 kN
• Solid brick: 0.3-0.6 kN
• Hollow block: 0.2-0.4 kN
• Aerated concrete: 0.15-0.3 kN

For heavier insulation use more anchors.

When to anchor after bonding?

Waiting time:

• At least 24 hours after bonding
• The adhesive must be dry
• Ideally: after 48 hours

Anchoring too early can move the boards out of plane.

How to calculate anchors for windows?

Around windows and doors:

• An additional anchor every 30 cm along the edge of the opening
• At least 4 anchors per side of the opening
• The anchor must be at least 15 cm from the edge of the board

The calculator automatically adds these allowances.

What if the anchor does not hold?

If the anchor does not hold:

• Check the depth of the hole
• Use a larger anchor diameter
• For hollow blocks use anchors with expansion
• Use injection anchoring

Never leave a loose anchor!

Anchor with or without a thermal head?

Anchor with a thermal head (plastic head):

• Eliminates the thermal bridge
• The head is not visible through the render
• Recommended for all facades

A standard anchor can create cold spots visible in winter.

How to store anchors?

Proper storage:

• Dry place
• Protected from UV rays
• Original packaging
• Temperature: 5-25°C

Plastic anchors can become brittle in the sun over time.

How many anchors in a pack?

Standard packs:

• 100 pcs/box (most common)
• 200 pcs/box
• 500 pcs/bag (wholesale)

The calculator computes the number of boxes needed for your project.

How to calculate anchors for curved walls?

For curved surfaces:

• Increase the anchor density by 20-30%
• Use shorter EPS boards for better adhesion
• Add extra anchors at transitions

Curved walls require more attention.

Difference between facade and concrete anchors

Facade anchors:
• Longer shaft for insulation
• Large head (60 mm)
• Plastic head

Concrete anchors:
• Shorter, for direct anchoring
• Smaller head
• For shelves, brackets, etc.

Anchors for mineral wool

For mineral wool use:

• Anchors with a metal pin
• Higher load capacity (wool is heavier)
• At least 8 anchors/m² in the central zone
• 10-12 anchors/m² at the edges

Plastic anchors may break under the weight of the wool.

How to calculate anchors for the plinth?

For the plinth (XPS insulation):

• Same density as for the facade
• Use anchors for XPS (shorter shaft)
• Additional anchoring below ground level is not needed

XPS is installed by bonding or mechanically.

Anchors for old buildings

For old walls:

• Check the strength of the substrate
• Use longer anchors (deeper anchoring)
• Test: pull out one anchor and check its load capacity
• Chemical anchoring may be needed

How to anchor thin insulation?

For insulation thinner than 8 cm:

• Use shorter anchors
• The anchor head must be flush with the insulation
• Make sure the anchor does not penetrate too deep into the substrate

Thin insulation requires precise anchoring.

Anchor with a screw or a hammer-in pin?

Anchor with a screw:
• For firmer substrates (concrete, solid brick)
• Better anchoring
• Slower installation

Anchor with a hammer-in pin:
• For softer substrates
• Faster installation
• Somewhat weaker anchoring

How much does anchoring cost per m²?

Approximate prices (2024):

• Material (anchors): 1-2 €/m²
• Labour: 2-4 €/m²
• Total: 3-6 €/m²

The price depends on the anchor density and the height of the facade.

Anchoring mistakes

Most common mistakes:

• Too few anchors at the edges
• Shallow drilling
• Too large a spacing between anchors
• Anchoring into undried adhesive

Avoid these mistakes for a safe facade.

How to calculate anchors for a damaged facade?

For repairing an old facade:

• Add extra anchors near damaged spots
• Increase the density by 50%
• Check the condition of the substrate

An old facade requires additional securing.

Anchors for tall buildings

For buildings above 10 m:

• Increase the number of anchors by 20-30%
• Use anchors with higher load capacity
• W-pattern is mandatory at the edges
• Structural calculation for wind load

Greater height = greater wind load.

Area

How to calculate irregular shapes?

For irregular spaces:

1. Divide the space into regular shapes (rectangles, triangles)
2. Calculate each part separately
3. Add up all the areas

The calculator supports:
• Rectangle, Triangle, Circle
• Trapezoid, Parallelogram
• Combinations of shapes

How to calculate the area of a rectangle?

Formula: Area = length × width

Example:
• Length: 5 m
• Width: 4 m
• Area: 5 × 4 = 20 m²

This is the most common shape for rooms, floors and walls.

How to calculate the area of a triangle?

Formula: Area = (base × height) / 2

Example:
• Base: 6 m
• Height: 4 m
• Area: (6 × 4) / 2 = 12 m²

Used for sloped roofs, gable walls and the like.

How to calculate the area of a circle?

Formula: Area = π × r²

Where r = radius (half of the diameter)

Example:
• Diameter: 4 m
• Radius: 2 m
• Area: 3.14 × 2² = 12.56 m²

Used for round columns, pools, fountains.

How to calculate the area of a trapezoid?

Formula: Area = ((a + c) × h) / 2

Where:
• a = top side
• c = bottom side
• h = height

Example: a=3m, c=5m, h=4m
Area = ((3 + 5) × 4) / 2 = 16 m²

How to calculate the area of a parallelogram?

Formula: Area = base × height

Note: The height is the perpendicular distance, not the slanted side!

Example:
• Base: 6 m
• Height: 3 m
• Area: 6 × 3 = 18 m²

How do I convert cm² to m²?

Unit conversion:

• 1 m² = 10,000 cm²
• 1 m² = 1,000,000 mm²

To convert cm² to m²:
Divide by 10,000

Example: 50,000 cm² ÷ 10,000 = 5 m²

How do I calculate the area of an ellipse?

Formula: Area = π × a × b

Where:
• a = semi-axis (half of the longer axis)
• b = semi-axis (half of the shorter axis)

Example: a=3m, b=2m
Area = 3.14 × 3 × 2 = 18.84 m²

How do I calculate the area of a rhombus?

Formula: Area = (d1 × d2) / 2

Where d1 and d2 are the diagonals of the rhombus.

Example:
• d1 = 6 m
• d2 = 4 m
• Area = (6 × 4) / 2 = 12 m²

How do I calculate the area of a ring?

Formula: Area = π × (R² - r²)

Where:
• R = outer radius
• r = inner radius

Example: R=3m, r=1m
Area = 3.14 × (9 - 1) = 25.12 m²

How do I calculate the area of a sloped roof?

For a sloped roof:

• Area = length × slope length (not the horizontal projection)
• Slope length = √(horizontal² + vertical²)

Example: 10m horizontal, 3m vertical
Slope length = √(100 + 9) = 10.44 m
Area = 10.44 × width

How do I calculate the area of a sector?

Formula: Area = (θ/360) × π × r²

Where θ is the angle in degrees.

Example: r=4m, θ=90°
Area = (90/360) × 3.14 × 16 = 12.56 m²

Used for circular segments and arcs.

How do I calculate the area of an irregular quadrilateral?

For an irregular quadrilateral:

1. Divide it into two triangles with a diagonal
2. Calculate the area of each triangle
3. Add them together

Or use the formula: A = ½ × d1 × d2 × sin(θ)
Where d1 and d2 are the diagonals and θ is the angle between them.

How do I calculate the perimeter?

Perimeter formulas:

• Rectangle: 2 × (a + b)
• Triangle: a + b + c
• Circle: 2 × π × r

The perimeter is useful for calculating edge strips, plinths and borders.

How do I measure curved surfaces?

For curved surfaces:

1. Divide into smaller straight segments
2. Use a tape measure to measure the arc
3. Add up all the segments

For more precise measuring, use a laser distance meter.

How do I calculate the area for wallpaper?

For wallpaper:

• Wall area (subtract openings)
• Add 10-15% for pattern matching
• Divide by the area of a roll

Standard roll: 0.53 × 10 m = 5.3 m²
Usable area: ~4.5 m² because of the joins.

How do I calculate the area of a room with niches?

For rooms with niches:

1. Calculate the basic rectangular area
2. Add the area of each niche
3. Or subtract it if it is a protrusion

Sketch the floor plan and divide it into regular shapes.

How do I convert m² to ares and hectares?

Conversion:

• 1 are = 100 m²
• 1 hectare = 10,000 m²
• 1 hectare = 100 ares

Example: 5000 m² = 50 ares = 0.5 hectares

How do I calculate the floor area?

For the floor area:

• Length × width for rectangular rooms
• Subtract permanent obstacles (columns)
• Do NOT subtract furniture

Add 5-10% extra material (laminate, tiles).

How do I calculate the area of a staircase?

Staircase area:

• Treads: width × depth × number
• Risers: width × height × number
• Landing: length × width

Add up all the elements for the total area.

How do I calculate net and gross area?

The difference:

• Gross: total area including walls
• Net: usable area without walls

For an apartment: Gross ≈ Net + 15-20%
Use the net area for materials.

How do I measure flat surfaces correctly?

Measuring tips:

• Use a laser distance meter
• Measure at floor/ceiling level
• Measure in 2-3 places and average
• Write down all measurements

Inaccurate measurements = excess or shortage of material.

How do I calculate the area for ceiling paint?

Ceiling = floor (for flat ceilings)

• Length × width
• For sloped ceilings: measure the actual area
• Add 5% extra

Ceilings are usually painted a single colour (white).

How do I calculate the area of a balcony?

For a balcony:

• Floor: length × width
• Railing (inner side): perimeter × height
• Ceiling: length × width (if there is one)

Don't forget the outer side of the railing if it is visible.

How do I calculate the area of a garage?

For a garage:

• Floor: length × width
• Walls: perimeter × height - door
• Ceiling: length × width

Standard garage: 3 × 6 m = 18 m² of floor, ~45 m² of walls.

How do I calculate the area of a stairwell wall?

Stairwell wall:

• Rectangular part: width × height
• Sloped part (along the stairs): add up smaller rectangles
• Or: use the trapezoid formula for the sloped part

Sketch the wall and divide it into parts.

How many m² do standard rooms have?

Approximate sizes:

• Bathroom: 4-8 m²
• Bedroom: 12-16 m²
• Living room: 20-35 m²
• Kitchen: 10-15 m²

Standards vary depending on the type of construction.

How do I calculate the area for underfloor heating?

For underfloor heating:

• Net floor area
• Subtract permanently covered areas (kitchen units, wardrobes)
• Add 10% for edge zones

Heated area ≈ 80% of the net area.

Volume

Which volume shape should I choose?

Available shapes:

• Cube/Cuboid - for pits, foundations
• Cylinder - for wells, columns
• Sphere - for tanks
• Cone - for slopes, pyramids
• Prism - for inclines

Enter the dimensions and get the volume in m³ or litres.

How do I calculate the volume of a cuboid?

Formula: Volume = length × width × height

Example for a foundation:
• Length: 10 m
• Width: 0.5 m
• Height: 0.8 m
• Volume: 10 × 0.5 × 0.8 = 4 m³

How do I calculate the volume of a cylinder?

Formula: Volume = π × r² × h

Where:
• r = radius
• h = height

Example for a well:
• Diameter: 1 m (r = 0.5 m)
• Depth: 10 m
• Volume: 3.14 × 0.5² × 10 = 7.85 m³

How do I calculate the volume of a sphere?

Formula: Volume = (4/3) × π × r³

Example:
• Diameter: 2 m (r = 1 m)
• Volume: (4/3) × 3.14 × 1³ = 4.19 m³

Used for spherical tanks and reservoirs.

How do I convert m³ to litres?

Conversion:

• 1 m³ = 1,000 litres
• 1 litre = 0.001 m³

Example: 0.5 m³ = 500 litres

This is useful for calculating water, fuel or liquid materials.

How do I calculate the volume of a cone?

Formula: Volume = (1/3) × π × r² × h

Where:
• r = base radius
• h = height

Example:
• Base diameter: 2 m
• Height: 3 m
• Volume: (1/3) × 3.14 × 1² × 3 = 3.14 m³

How do I calculate the volume of a prism?

Formula: Volume = base area × height

For a triangular prism:
• Base = (a × triangle height) / 2
• Volume = base × prism length

Used for inclines, roof structures, ramps.

How do I calculate the volume of a truncated pyramid?

Formula: V = (h/3) × (A1 + A2 + √(A1×A2))

Where:
• h = height
• A1 = area of the lower base
• A2 = area of the upper base

Used for foundations and tapering columns.

How do I calculate the volume of a torus?

Formula: V = 2π² × R × r²

Where:
• R = radius from the centre to the centre of the tube
• r = radius of the tube

Used for ring shapes, tyres.

How do I calculate the volume of an ellipsoid?

Formula: V = (4/3) × π × a × b × c

Where a, b, c are the semi-axes of the ellipsoid.

Example: a=2m, b=1.5m, c=1m
V = (4/3) × 3.14 × 2 × 1.5 × 1 = 12.56 m³

How do I calculate the volume of a hollow object?

For hollow objects:

Volume = Outer volume - Inner volume

Example, a pipe:
• Outer diameter: 1 m
• Inner diameter: 0.8 m
• Length: 5 m
V = π × 5 × (0.5² - 0.4²) = 1.41 m³

How do I calculate the volume of concrete?

Concrete volume:

• Slab: area × thickness
• Foundation: length × width × height
• Column: diameter² × π/4 × height

Add 5-10% extra for waste.

How do I calculate the volume of an excavation?

For a foundation excavation:

• Rectangular: l × w × depth
• With a slope: average width × depth
• Add 20-30% for working space

Excavation volume > foundation volume!

How do I calculate the volume of an embankment?

For an embankment:

• Volume = cross-section area × length
• For a trapezoidal cross-section: ((a+b)/2) × h × L
• Compaction: calculate 1.2-1.3 × the required volume

Material compacts 20-30% when installed.

How do I convert cm³ to m³?

Conversion:

• 1 m³ = 1,000,000 cm³
• 1 cm³ = 0.000001 m³

To convert: divide cm³ by 1,000,000

Example: 500,000 cm³ = 0.5 m³

How do I calculate the volume of a swimming pool?

For a rectangular pool:

• V = length × width × depth
• For variable depth: average depth

Example: 8 × 4 × 1.5 = 48 m³ = 48,000 litres

Also allow for the filtration volume (+10%).

How do I calculate the volume of a tank?

For a horizontal cylindrical tank:

• V = π × r² × length

For a vertical one:
• V = π × r² × height

There are special formulas for partially filled tanks.

How do I calculate the volume of gravel or other bulk material?

For bulk materials:

• V = area × layer thickness
• Gravel: 1.5-1.8 t/m³
• Sand: 1.5-1.7 t/m³
• Soil: 1.2-1.5 t/m³

Order by the ton = volume × density.

How do I calculate the volume of a truckload of gravel?

Standard capacities:

• Small truck: 3-5 m³
• Medium truck: 8-12 m³
• Large truck: 15-20 m³

Divide the required volume by the capacity to get the number of trips.

How do I calculate the volume of a pyramid?

Formula: V = (1/3) × base × height

For a square base:
• V = (1/3) × a² × h

Example: a=3m, h=4m
V = (1/3) × 9 × 4 = 12 m³

How do I calculate the volume of a roof structure?

For a single-pitch roof:

• V = (length × width × roof height) / 2

For a gable roof:
• V = length × width × roof height / 2

This is the attic space in m³.

How do I calculate the volume of a septic tank?

Recommended septic tank volume:

• 150-200 litres per person per day
• For 4 people: min. 3 m³
• For 6 people: min. 4.5 m³

Volume = π × r² × h for cylindrical tanks.

How do I calculate the volume of an aquarium?

For a rectangular aquarium:

• V = length × width × height (all in cm)
• Divide by 1000 for litres

Example: 100 × 40 × 50 = 200,000 cm³ = 200 litres

Subtract 10% for decorations and equipment.

How do I calculate the volume of stairs?

Volume of stairs:

• Tread: width × depth × thickness
• Total: tread volume × number of steps
• Add the landing if there is one

For concrete stairs, add the slab underneath.

How do I calculate the volume of air in a room?

Air volume:

• V = length × width × ceiling height

Important for:
• Air conditioning (m³/h)
• Ventilation
• Heating calculations

Standard room 20 m² × 2.6 m = 52 m³ of air.

How do I calculate the volume of firewood?

Firewood measures:

• 1 stacked cubic metre = 1 m³ of stacked wood
• 1 stacked cubic metre ≈ 0.7 m³ of solid wood
• 1 m³ of beech ≈ 700 kg

Stacked wood has gaps (30-40%).

How do I calculate the volume of mulch?

For mulching:

• V = area × layer thickness (5-10 cm)
• Example: 50 m² × 0.08 m = 4 m³

Mulch is sold in bags (50L) or loose.

How do I calculate the volume of soil for planting?

For garden beds and pots:

• Rectangular bed: l × w × depth
• Round pot: π × r² × depth

Soil is sold in litres.
1 m³ = 1000 litres = 20 bags of 50L.

Screed

How do I calculate the thickness of self-levelling compound?

The thickness depends on the unevenness of the floor:

• Slight unevenness: 2-5 mm
• Medium unevenness: 5-10 mm
• Larger unevenness: 10-30 mm

Consumption: ~1.7 kg/m² per millimetre of thickness

Example: 20 m² x 5 mm = 170 kg = 7 bags of 25 kg

When should I use self-levelling compound?

Self-levelling compound is used:

• Before laying tiles on an uneven base
• To level old floors
• To achieve a precisely flat surface
• Under laminate or vinyl floors

Advantage: Self-levelling - it spreads out and finds its own level.

How much water should I add to self-levelling compound?

Standard ratio: 5-6 litres of water per 25 kg bag

Important:
• Always follow the manufacturer's instructions
• Too much water = weaker strength
• Too little water = poor flow

Mix with an electric mixer until the mixture is homogeneous.

How long does self-levelling compound take to dry?

Drying time:

• Walking on the surface: 3-4 hours
• Laying tiles: 24 hours
• Laying sensitive floors: 7 days

Note: The time depends on the layer thickness, temperature and humidity.

Do I need to prime before self-levelling compound?

Yes! Priming is mandatory:

• Reduces the absorbency of the base
• Improves adhesion
• Prevents blistering

Apply the primer and let it dry (2-4 hours) before pouring the self-levelling compound.

What is the maximum thickness of self-levelling compound?

Depending on the type of product:

• Thin self-levelling compounds: 2-10 mm
• Medium: 5-30 mm
• Thick (for renovations): 10-80 mm

For thicker layers, application in several layers may be needed.

Can I use self-levelling compound in a bathroom?

Yes, but:

• Use a product suitable for damp areas
• Be sure to apply waterproofing AFTER levelling
• Let the compound dry completely before waterproofing

Self-levelling compound is not waterproof by itself!

How do I prepare the base for levelling?

Base preparation:

1. Remove dust and debris
2. Repair larger cracks
3. Apply primer for self-levelling compound
4. Wait for the primer to dry
5. Fit edge strip along the walls

Clean, primed base = quality result.

What is edge strip and why is it important?

Edge strip (expansion strip):

• Fitted along all walls
• Height: min. layer thickness + 5 cm
• Allows the compound to expand
• Prevents cracking

Don't skip this step - critical for durability!

How many bags of self-levelling compound per m²?

Approximate consumption (25 kg bags):

• 2 mm layer: ~3.5 bags/10 m²
• 5 mm layer: ~8.5 bags/10 m²
• 10 mm layer: ~17 bags/10 m²

The calculator gives a precise calculation for your dimensions.

How do I pour self-levelling compound?

Pouring technique:

1. Start from the farthest corner
2. Pour and spread with a notched trowel
3. Go over it with a spiked roller to remove bubbles
4. Work quickly while the compound is fluid

Don't walk on fresh compound!

What is a spiked roller?

Spiked roller:

• Has small spikes 1-2 cm long
• Removes air bubbles
• Helps spread evenly
• Used immediately after pouring

Without it, bubbles and unevenness remain.

Can I level a heated floor?

Yes, with conditions:

• Use self-levelling compound for heated floors
• Minimum thickness: 5 mm above the pipes
• Switch off the heating during work
• Switch the heating on gradually after 7 days

Special compounds have better thermal conductivity.

How do I repair bubble holes?

If bubbles have formed:

1. Wait for it to dry completely
2. Sand down the unevenness
3. Apply a thin levelling layer
4. Or fill with repair compound

Prevention: use a spiked roller and a quality primer.

Difference between self-levelling compound and screed

Self-levelling compound:
• Thin layer (2-30 mm)
• Self-levelling
• Fast drying
• More expensive

Screed (cement screed):
• Thicker layer (4-7 cm)
• Manual levelling
• Slow drying (28 days)
• Cheaper

How much does levelling cost per m²?

Approximate prices (2024):

• Material: 3-8 €/m² (depending on thickness)
• Labour: 5-10 €/m²
• Total: 8-18 €/m²

The price increases with layer thickness.

How do I calculate levelling for several rooms?

For several rooms:

• Add up all the areas
• Take the average layer thickness
• Allow 10% reserve for thresholds and joints

The calculator supports adding several areas.

What if the base is too uneven?

For large unevenness (>30 mm):

1. Use a coarse screed for basic levelling
2. Wait for it to dry (min 7 days)
3. Finish with a thin self-levelling compound

Or use a thick self-levelling compound in several layers.

Can I level OSB boards?

For OSB and wooden bases:

• Use a flexible self-levelling compound
• Apply a special primer for wood
• Maximum thickness: 5-10 mm
• Check the stability of the base

Wood expands/contracts - flexibility is key.

How do I calculate the slope for a bathroom?

Slope towards the drain:

• Minimum 1.5-2% (1.5-2 cm per metre)
• From the wall to the drain
• Self-levelling compound is NOT used for slopes

For slopes use cement screed shaped by hand.

How long can self-levelling compound be stored?

Shelf life:

• Sealed bag: 6-12 months
• Opened bag: use immediately
• Store in a dry place
• Avoid temperatures below 5°C

Old compound flows worse and sets more slowly.

How do I level a floor with expansion joints?

With expansion joints:

• Respect the existing joints
• Fit expansion profiles
• Don't pour over the joints
• Work section by section

Expansion joints prevent cracking of large areas.

What is reinforced self-levelling compound?

Reinforced (fibre) self-levelling compound:

• Contains glass or polymer fibres
• Greater resistance to cracking
• For problematic bases
• For greater thicknesses

Recommended for heated floors and larger areas.

How do I calculate levelling for laminate?

Under laminate:

• Flatness: max 2 mm over 2 m
• Levelling thickness: usually 2-5 mm
• Let it dry for at least 3 days
• Use PE film as a vapour barrier

Uneven base = creaking laminate!

Can I level concrete directly?

Yes, on concrete:

1. Clean off dust and grease
2. Prime
3. Apply the self-levelling compound

If the concrete is old and damaged, repair the cracks before levelling.

How do I level a floor with pipes?

If there are pipes in the floor:

• Layer thickness: min 5 mm above the pipes
• Watch the height of thresholds
• Use compound for heated floors

Don't skimp on thickness above the pipes - it may crack.

What should I do if the self-levelling compound doesn't flow?

Causes of poor flow:

• Too little water
• Old compound
• Temperature too low
• Dusty base

Solution: add water (carefully!) and mix for longer.

How do I calculate levelling for vinyl?

Under vinyl/LVT:

• Flatness: max 2 mm over 2 m
• Cleanliness: no grit or unevenness
• Drying: min 3 days
• Residual moisture: max 2%

Vinyl shows every unevenness underneath!

Masonry

How do I calculate blocks for a wall?

1. Enter the length and height of the wall
2. Select the block type (dimensions)
3. Select the bonding method (cement mortar, adhesive)

The calculator works out:
• Number of blocks
• Amount of mortar/adhesive
• Reinforcement mesh for bonding

What are the standard block dimensions?

Most common dimensions (L×W×H):

• Hollow block: 50×20×20 cm
• Hollow block: 50×25×20 cm
• Solid block: 25×12×6.5 cm
• Ytong/Siporex: 60×25×20 cm

The calculator supports custom dimensions.

How much mortar do I need for bricklaying?

Mortar consumption depends on the joint thickness:

• Thin joints (3mm): ~3 kg/m² of wall
• Standard joints (10mm): ~15 kg/m² of wall
• Thick joints (15mm): ~25 kg/m² of wall

For Ytong blocks, adhesive is used with consumption of ~3-5 kg/m².

How do I calculate a load-bearing wall?

For load-bearing walls:

• Minimum thickness: 20 cm (hollow block)
• Recommended: 25-30 cm
• Reinforcement is mandatory at corners and openings

The calculator works out the required reinforcement and connecting elements.

Which block for a partition wall?

For partition (non-load-bearing) walls:

• Thickness 10-12 cm for standard partitions
• Thickness 8 cm for lighter partitions
• Plasterboard partitions as an alternative

Partition walls carry no additional load.

Do I need to reinforce a wall?

Reinforcement is needed:

• At wall corners
• Around openings (windows, doors)
• At horizontal joints every 60-80 cm
• At the junction with load-bearing columns

Reinforcement mesh or ties are used every 2-3 courses.

How do I calculate a wall with openings?

The calculator automatically deducts the area of openings:

1. Enter the total length and height of the wall
2. Add openings (windows, doors)
3. Enter the dimensions of each opening

Net area = Gross area - Openings

What is a partition block vs a hollow block?

Partition block:
• Thinner (8-12 cm)
• For partition walls
• Lighter

Hollow block:
• Thicker (20-30 cm)
• For load-bearing walls
• Better load capacity and insulation

How do I lay the first course?

The first course is critical:

1. Check the levelness of the foundation
2. Apply waterproofing
3. Lay 2-3 cm of mortar
4. Start from the corners
5. Use a string line for alignment

Uneven first course = problems all the way to the top of the wall.

How many blocks per m² of wall?

Number of blocks per m²:

• 50×20 cm block: 10 pcs/m²
• 60×25 cm block (Ytong): 6.7 pcs/m²
• 25×12 cm brick: 32 pcs/m²

The calculator automatically calculates for your dimensions.

How do I tie a new wall to an old one?

Joining a new and an old wall:

• Anchor steel hooks into the old wall
• Hook spacing: every 40-50 cm
• Alternative: ties built into the joints

Never just lean the new wall against the old one!

Ytong or hollow block?

Ytong (aerated concrete):
• Lighter (500-600 kg/m³)
• Better thermal insulation
• Easier to cut
• More expensive

Hollow block:
• Heavier (800-1000 kg/m³)
• Cheaper
• Better sound insulation

How do I build around windows?

Around openings:

• Reinforcement mesh above the opening
• Lintel made of concrete or precast
• Vertical reinforcement beside the openings
• Proper lap joints

The lintel must have a bearing of min. 20 cm on each side.

How long does mortar take to dry?

Mortar drying time:

• Initial set: 2-4 hours
• Walking on the structure: 24 hours
• Full strength: 28 days

Winter construction: use mortar with anti-freeze additives.

How do I calculate the load capacity of a wall?

Load capacity factors:

• Wall thickness
• Block quality (compressive strength)
• Mortar quality
• Reinforcement

For load-bearing walls always consult a structural engineer!

What is a ring beam (tie beam)?

A ring beam is a reinforced concrete element:

• A horizontal band around the building
• At the top of each storey
• Ties the walls into a whole
• Typical height: 20-25 cm

Ensures the stability of the structure during an earthquake.

How do I calculate blocks for a corner?

For corners:

• Use corner blocks or cut standard ones
• Overlap rule: min. 1/3 of the block length
• Alternate laying (bond)

Extra blocks for cutting: +5%.

What is mortar M5, M10, M15?

Mortar grades (compressive strength):

• M5: for partition walls
• M10: standard for load-bearing walls
• M15: for heavier loads

Higher number = stronger mortar. Use M10 for most work.

How do I build a chimney?

For chimneys:

• Use fire-resistant blocks
• Prefabricated systems (Schiedel etc.)
• Insulation between the chimney and the wall
• Min. distance from timber: 5 cm

Provide condensate drainage at the bottom.

How long does it take to build 1 m² of wall?

Bricklaying time:

• Hollow block: 0.5-1 hour/m²
• Ytong: 0.3-0.5 hour/m²
• Brick: 1-1.5 hours/m²

Depends on experience and the complexity of the wall.

How do I calculate the wall for a garage?

For a 6×3m garage:

• Perimeter: 18 m
• Height: 2.5 m
• Gross area: 45 m²
• Minus door: ~6 m²
• Net: ~40 m² of wall

Add blocks for the garage door opening (lintel).

What if a block cracks?

Cracked blocks:

• Small cracks: can be used in the middle of the wall
• Larger cracks: do not use
• Cracked at the corner: do not use for corners

Allow 3-5% breakage during transport.

How do I build a curved wall?

For curved walls:

• Use smaller blocks
• Or cut standard ones into wedges
• Higher mortar consumption
• Radius min. 2-3 m

Small radii require special blocks or concrete.

How do I calculate the sound insulation of a wall?

Wall sound insulation:

• Hollow block 20 cm: ~45-50 dB
• Solid block 25 cm: ~50-55 dB
• Double wall with insulation: 55-60 dB

Apartments require min. 52 dB between units.

How should I store blocks?

Proper storage:

• On a level surface
• Protected from rain (tarp or canopy)
• Max stacking height: 1.5-2 m
• Ytong: dry conditions are mandatory

Wet blocks are harder to lay and take longer to dry.

How much does masonry cost per m²?

Approximate prices (2024):

• Hollow block: material 15-20 €/m²
• Ytong: material 25-35 €/m²
• Labour: 20-35 €/m²

Total including material: 40-70 €/m²

How do I build a wall for installations?

For installations in the wall:

• Ytong: chases are easy to cut
• Hollow block: the cavities are used
• Partition blocks: chase with a router

Do not chase load-bearing walls without consulting a structural engineer!

How do I prepare mortar?

Preparing mortar:

1. Pour water into a container
2. Add the dry mortar
3. Mix with an electric mixer
4. Consistency: thick but spreadable

Ready-mix: follow the instructions on the bag.

Concrete

How do I calculate the amount of concrete?

1. Enter the element's dimensions (length, width, height/thickness)
2. Select the concrete class
3. The calculator gives the volume in m³

For mixing your own concrete it calculates:
• Amount of cement (bags)
• Sand (m³)
• Gravel (m³)
• Water (litres)

What ratio should I use for mixing concrete?

Standard ratios (cement:sand:gravel):

• C16/20: 1:2:3 (foundations, floor slabs)
• C25/30: 1:1.5:2.5 (load-bearing structures)
• C30/37: 1:1:2 (more demanding structures)

Add ~0.5 parts of water per part of cement.

How much cement is needed for 1 m³ of concrete?

Approximate values:

• C16/20: ~250 kg cement/m³
• C25/30: ~300 kg cement/m³
• C30/37: ~350 kg cement/m³

1 bag = 25 kg, so for C25/30 you need ~12 bags per m³.

How do I calculate concrete for a foundation?

Formula: Volume = length × width × height

Example for a strip foundation:
• Length: 20 m
• Width: 0.5 m
• Height: 0.8 m
• Volume: 20 × 0.5 × 0.8 = 8 m³

Add 5% extra for losses.

How do I calculate concrete for a slab?

Formula: Volume = area × thickness

Example for a floor slab:
• Area: 100 m²
• Thickness: 15 cm = 0.15 m
• Volume: 100 × 0.15 = 15 m³

Recommended thickness: 10-15 cm for residential buildings.

How much water for mixing concrete?

Water-cement ratio (W/C):

• Optimal: 0.45-0.55
• For 300 kg of cement: ~150 litres of water

Too high a W/C ratio:
• Easier to place BUT
• Weaker concrete
• More shrinkage and cracking

How long does concrete take to dry?

Setting and hardening time:

• Start of setting: 2-3 hours
• Walking on the surface: 24 hours
• 70% strength: 7 days
• 100% strength: 28 days

Concrete needs curing (keeping it moist) for the first 7 days!

What does C25/30 mean?

Concrete class designation:

• C = Concrete
• 25 = cylinder strength (N/mm²)
• 30 = cube strength (N/mm²)

Higher numbers = stronger concrete. For houses it is usually C25/30.

How do I calculate concrete for a column?

For a square column:
• V = a × a × h

For a round column:
• V = π × r² × h

Example: Round column Ø40 cm, h=3m
V = 3.14 × 0.2² × 3 = 0.377 m³

What is concrete vibration?

Vibration:

• Removes air bubbles
• Compacts the concrete
• Increases strength
• Ensures the formwork is filled

A poker vibrator or a vibrating screed is used.

How do I order ready-mix concrete?

When ordering, specify:

• Concrete class (e.g. C25/30)
• Volume (m³)
• Consistency (S2, S3, S4)
• Aggregate (up to 16, 22 or 32 mm)
• Admixtures (if needed)

Minimum order: usually 0.5-1 m³.

What is the difference between sand and gravel?

Sand:
• Grain: 0-4 mm
• For a finer concrete texture
• Requires more cement

Gravel:
• Grain: 4-32 mm
• For load-bearing capacity and economy
• Requires less cement

Optimal sand:gravel ratio ≈ 1:2.

How do I cure concrete?

Concrete curing:

• Keep moist with water 2-3× a day
• Cover with plastic sheeting or burlap
• Duration: min. 7 days
• Avoid direct sun

Uncured concrete loses up to 40% of its strength!

Can I pour concrete in cold weather?

Winter concreting:

• Temperature must not drop below +5°C
• Use anti-freeze admixtures
• Protect the concrete from frost
• Heat the ingredients if necessary

Frozen concrete permanently loses strength!

What is a concrete pump?

Concrete pump:

• For hard-to-reach places
• For larger quantities
• Price: 2-5 €/m³ + call-out
• Minimum order: usually 3-5 m³

Worth it for more than 5 m³ or hard-to-reach places.

How do I calculate concrete for stairs?

Concrete for stairs:

• Slab: length × width × thickness
• Steps: number × (width × depth × 1/2 height)

Total: slab + steps + 10% extra

Use the stair calculator for a precise calculation.

How much does a m³ of concrete cost?

Approximate prices (2024):

• Ready-mix concrete C25/30: 80-110 €/m³
• Delivery: 3-5 €/km from the plant
• Pump: additional 2-5 €/m³

Mixing it yourself is cheaper only for small quantities (<2 m³).

How do I calculate concrete for a pool?

For a concrete pool:

• Floor: length × width × thickness (15-20 cm)
• Walls: perimeter × depth × thickness (20-25 cm)

Total: floor + walls + 10% extra
Recommended class: C30/37.

What is expanded (lightweight) concrete?

Expanded concrete (lightweight concrete):

• Density: 400-800 kg/m³ (vs 2400 for normal)
• Uses lightweight aggregate (expanded clay, perlite)
• For insulation and fill
• Lower load-bearing capacity

Not for load-bearing structures!

How do I calculate concrete for a retaining wall?

Retaining wall:

• Base: width × depth × length
• Body: average thickness × height × length

Consult a structural engineer for sizing!
Recommended class: C25/30.

What is reinforced concrete (RC)?

Reinforced concrete:

• Concrete + steel reinforcement
• Concrete takes compression, the reinforcement takes tension
• Mandatory for load-bearing structures
• Designation: RC (reinforced concrete)

Plain concrete is weak in tension - it cracks without reinforcement!

How do I calculate formwork?

Formwork (mould):

• Area of all sides of the element
• Column: 4 × side × height
• Beam: 2 × height × length + bottom surface

Formwork rental: 3-8 €/m² for 28 days.

What is micro concrete?

Micro concrete (grout):

• Fine-grained concrete for filling
• Self-levelling
• For anchoring machines, columns
• Expansive - does not shrink

Consumption: depends on the volume of the void.

How do I repair cracks in concrete?

Crack repair:

• Small (<0.3 mm): crack sealer
• Medium: epoxy resin by injection
• Large: widen and fill with repair mortar

First determine the cause of the cracking!

How much aggregate for concrete?

For 1 m³ of C25/30 concrete:

• Cement: 300 kg
• Sand (0-4): 600-700 kg
• Gravel (4-16): 1100-1200 kg
• Water: 150-165 litres

Total mass: ~2400 kg/m³.

How do I pour concrete on slopes?

For sloped concrete (ramps, inclines):

• Stiffer consistency (S2)
• Work from the bottom up
• Use guides
• Smooth with a straightedge

Slope: max 10-12% without anti-slip finish.

What is fibre concrete?

Fibre concrete:

• Concrete with fibres (steel, polymer, glass)
• Increased resistance to cracking
• For industrial floors, tunnels
• Can replace part of the reinforcement

Fibre dose: usually 20-40 kg/m³.

Rebar

How do I calculate reinforcement for a slab?

1. Enter the slab dimensions
2. Select the bar diameter (standard Ø8 or Ø10)
3. Enter the spacing between bars (15-20 cm)

The calculator computes:
• Number of bars in both directions
• Total length of reinforcement
• Steel weight (kg)

How do I calculate reinforcement for a beam/column?

1. Enter the cross-section dimensions
2. Enter the number and diameter of longitudinal bars
3. Enter the diameter and spacing of stirrups/ties

The calculator visually shows the reinforcement layout and calculates the total weight.

What reinforcement diameter for a slab?

Recommended diameters:

• Floor slab: Ø8 or Ø10 mm
• Intermediate slab: Ø10 or Ø12 mm
• Cantilever slab: Ø12 mm (top zone)

Bar spacing: usually 15-20 cm in both directions.

How much reinforcement per m³ of concrete?

Approximate values:

• Foundations: 80-100 kg/m³
• Slabs: 100-120 kg/m³
• Beams: 120-150 kg/m³
• Columns: 150-200 kg/m³

The exact amount depends on the structural calculation.

What are stirrups (ties)?

Stirrups are transverse reinforcement that:

• Holds longitudinal bars in place
• Takes shear forces
• Prevents buckling of the longitudinal reinforcement

Standard stirrup spacing: 15-25 cm
Stirrup diameter: Ø6 or Ø8 mm

How do I calculate the lap length?

Lap length depends on the bar diameter:

• Ø8: ~40 cm lap
• Ø10: ~50 cm lap
• Ø12: ~60 cm lap

Rule of thumb: lap = 40-50 × bar diameter

The calculator automatically adds length for laps.

How do I calculate the weight of reinforcement?

Weight of reinforcement per linear metre:

• Ø6: 0.222 kg/m
• Ø8: 0.395 kg/m
• Ø10: 0.617 kg/m
• Ø12: 0.888 kg/m
• Ø14: 1.21 kg/m
• Ø16: 1.58 kg/m

The calculator automatically computes the total weight.

What is concrete cover?

Concrete cover:

• Interior structures: 2-3 cm
• Exterior structures: 3-4 cm
• In the ground: 5-7 cm

Protects the reinforcement from corrosion. Use spacers!

How do I bend reinforcement?

Bending rules:

• Minimum bending diameter: 4d (4× the bar diameter)
• For stirrups: 4d
• For anchors: 6d

A bending machine or a hand tool for thinner bars is used.

What is reinforcing mesh?

Reinforcing mesh (welded mesh):

• Ready-made welded mesh
• Standard dimensions: 2×5 m
• Common designation: Q188 (Ø8 at 15 cm)
• Faster to install than individual bars

Ideal for slabs and floors.

How do I calculate Q mesh?

Q mesh designations:

• Q188: Ø8 at 15 cm, 1.88 kg/m²
• Q257: Ø8 at 10 cm, 2.57 kg/m²
• Q385: Ø10 at 15 cm, 3.85 kg/m²

Number of meshes = area / 10 m² + laps (10%)

How do I calculate reinforcement for a ring beam?

Ring beam (tie beam):

• 4 longitudinal bars Ø12 (typical)
• Stirrups Ø6 every 25 cm
• Cross-section: usually 20×25 cm

Length = building perimeter + lap lengths.

What is ribbed reinforcement?

Ribbed reinforcement:

• Has longitudinal and transverse ribs
• Better bond with concrete
• Standard for all load-bearing structures
• Designation: B500B or B500C

Plain round bar is no longer used for load-bearing elements.

How do I calculate anchorage?

Anchorage length:

• Straight end: 40-50d
• With hook: 20-25d
• In compression: 25-30d

Example: Ø12 with hook = 12 × 25 = 300 mm = 30 cm

How do I reinforce a foundation?

Strip foundation:

• Bottom zone: 4-5 Ø12
• Top zone: 2-3 Ø10
• Stirrups: Ø8 at 25-30 cm

Pad foundation:
• Mesh in bottom + top zone
• Spacing: 15 cm in both directions

How do I calculate reinforcement for a floor slab?

Ground-bearing floor slab:

• Thickness: 10-15 cm
• Reinforcement: Q188 mesh (single layer)
• Position: in the lower third

Intermediate floor slab:
• Bottom and top reinforcement
• Extra reinforcement at supports

What is tie wire?

Tie wire:

• Diameter: 1.4-1.6 mm
• For tying bars and meshes
• Consumption: ~10-15 kg/t of reinforcement
• Tied with a rebar tying tool

Alternative: plastic clips.

How do I reinforce an opening in a slab?

Around an opening in a slab:

• Extra reinforcement along the edges
• Diagonal reinforcement at the corners
• Strengthening: +50% of normal reinforcement

Large openings require beams around the perimeter.

How much does reinforcement cost?

Approximate prices (2024):

• B500B bars: 0.8-1.2 €/kg
• Q meshes: 0.9-1.3 €/kg
• Labour (placing): 0.3-0.5 €/kg

Total including labour: 1.2-1.8 €/kg

How do I calculate reinforcement for a cantilever?

Cantilever (balcony, canopy):

• Top reinforcement takes tension
• Ø12-16 at 10-15 cm at the top
• Bottom reinforcement is nominal
• Extension into the slab: min 1.5× the cantilever length

Consult a structural engineer for larger cantilevers!

What is a spacer?

Spacers:

• Plastic or concrete blocks
• Ensure the concrete cover
• Types: chairs, wheels, clips
• Spacing: 4-6 pcs/m²

Without spacers the reinforcement sinks to the bottom!

How do I calculate wall reinforcement?

RC wall:

• Vertical reinforcement: Ø10-12 at 15-20 cm
• Horizontal reinforcement: Ø8-10 at 20-25 cm
• Both faces (mesh on both sides)
• Minimum: 0.2% of the cross-section

RC wall thickness: min 15-20 cm.

How do I store reinforcement?

Proper storage:

• On wooden supports (not on the ground)
• Protected from rain
• Sorted by diameter
• Labelled for easy finding

Surface rust is not a problem, deep corrosion is.

What if the reinforcement corrodes?

Reinforcement corrosion:

• Surface rust: clean with a wire brush
• Deep corrosion: replace the bar
• Prevention: sufficient concrete cover

Corroded reinforcement reduces load capacity and durability.

How do I calculate reinforcement for an L-beam?

L-beam (edge beam):

• Longitudinal reinforcement: top and bottom
• Stirrups: closed, U-shape + cover bar
• Stirrup spacing: 15-20 cm
• Additional reinforcement at the corner of the L

An L-beam is more complex than a rectangular one.

How much reinforcement for stairs?

Stair reinforcement:

• Bottom zone of the slab: Ø10-12 at 15 cm
• Top zone: Ø8-10 at 20 cm
• Distribution reinforcement: Ø8 at 25-30 cm

Total: ~100-130 kg of reinforcement per m³ of concrete.

Insulation

What is the U-value?

The U-value (thermal transmittance) shows how much heat passes through an element.

Lower U-value = better insulation

Recommended values:
• External wall: < 0.30 W/m²K
• Roof: < 0.25 W/m²K
• Floor: < 0.35 W/m²K

The calculator works out the insulation thickness needed to reach the target U-value.

How do I choose the type of insulation?

Insulation types and their λ values:

• EPS (white): λ = 0.038 W/mK
• Graphite EPS: λ = 0.031 W/mK
• Mineral wool: λ = 0.035 W/mK

Graphite EPS insulates better, so it needs less thickness for the same U-value.

What is the lambda (λ) value?

Lambda (λ) is the thermal conductivity coefficient:

• Lower λ = better insulation
• Unit: W/mK

Examples of λ values:
• Concrete: 1.5-2.0 W/mK (poor insulator)
• EPS: 0.038 W/mK (good insulator)
• Air: 0.024 W/mK (excellent insulator)

How do I calculate energy savings?

The calculator estimates savings based on:

• Facade area
• U-value before and after
• Number of heating hours per year
• Energy price

Example: Improving U from 1.5 to 0.25 can save 70-80% of heating energy!

Minimum insulation thickness according to regulations?

According to Croatian regulations (2024):

• External wall: U < 0.30 → ~12-15 cm EPS
• Flat roof: U < 0.25 → ~15-20 cm
• Pitched roof: U < 0.25 → ~20 cm of wool
• Floor on ground: U < 0.40 → ~8-10 cm XPS

EPS or XPS insulation?

EPS (expanded polystyrene):
• Cheaper
• For facades and roofs
• Absorbs moisture

XPS (extruded polystyrene):
• More expensive, but stronger
• For basements and foundations
• Water-resistant
• Can be buried in soil

How do I calculate the return on investment?

Insulation ROI:

1. Calculate the annual energy savings (kWh)
2. Multiply by the energy price (€/kWh)
3. Divide the total investment by the annual savings

Example: Investment 5000€, savings 500€/year = payback 10 years

What is the dew point?

Dew point:

• The temperature at which water vapour condenses
• It should lie within the insulation, not within the wall
• Poor positioning = moisture and mould

The calculator checks the position of the dew point.

How do I insulate a flat roof?

Flat roof:

• Insulation: XPS or rigid mineral wool
• Thickness: 15-25 cm
• Vapour barrier below the insulation
• Waterproofing above
• Protective layer (gravel or slabs)

How do I insulate a pitched roof?

Pitched roof (attic):

• Insulation between rafters: mineral wool
• Additional insulation below: EPS or wool
• Vapour barrier on the inner side
• Thickness: 20-30 cm in total

Ventilated channel between the insulation and the roofing!

What is a thermal bridge?

Thermal bridge:

• A spot of increased heat loss
• Causes condensation and mould
• Examples: balconies, window sills, corners

Solution: continuous insulation or thermal breaks.

How do I insulate a ground floor?

Floor on ground:

• Insulation: XPS (moisture-resistant)
• Thickness: 8-12 cm
• Waterproofing below
• PE film as a vapour barrier

Important: waterproofing below and PE film above the insulation.

How do I insulate a basement?

Basement walls:

• External insulation: XPS (waterproof)
• Thickness: 10-15 cm
• Waterproofing + drainage membrane
• Up to 30 cm above ground level

Internal insulation only if external is not possible.

What is a vapour barrier?

Vapour barrier (retarder):

• Prevents water vapour from entering the insulation
• Installed on the warm side (inside)
• Material: PE film or aluminised film
• All joints must be sealed

Without a vapour barrier - moisture in the insulation!

Mineral wool or glass wool?

Stone (mineral) wool:
• Denser, better sound insulation
• More fire-resistant
• λ = 0.035-0.040 W/mK

Glass wool:
• Lighter and softer
• Cheaper
• λ = 0.032-0.040 W/mK

How do I calculate the total U of a wall?

Formula: 1/U = 1/hi + Σ(d/λ) + 1/he

Where:
• hi = internal surface heat transfer (8 W/m²K)
• he = external surface heat transfer (25 W/m²K)
• d = layer thickness
• λ = thermal conductivity of the layer

The calculator does this automatically.

How much energy does an uninsulated house use?

Average consumption:

• Uninsulated: 150-250 kWh/m²/year
• Partly insulated: 80-150 kWh/m²/year
• Well insulated: 40-80 kWh/m²/year
• Passive house: <15 kWh/m²/year

Insulation can reduce consumption by 50-70%!

How do I insulate windows?

Quality windows:

• Double glazing: U ≈ 1.1 W/m²K
• Triple glazing: U ≈ 0.6 W/m²K
• A Low-E coating improves insulation

The frame is often the weaker link - choose thermally broken profiles.

What is a ventilated layer?

Ventilated layer (facade, roof):

• The space between the insulation and the cladding
• Allows air circulation
• Removes moisture
• Thickness: 2-5 cm

Mandatory for ventilated facades and pitched roofs.

How do I insulate the ceiling below an attic?

Ceiling below an unused attic:

• The cheapest roof insulation
• Mineral wool: 20-30 cm
• Laid between and over the joists
• Vapour barrier on the underside

Cheaper than insulating the roof slope.

How much does insulation cost per m²?

Approximate prices (2024):

• EPS 10 cm: 8-12 €/m²
• Graphite EPS 10 cm: 12-18 €/m²
• Mineral wool 10 cm: 10-15 €/m²
• XPS 10 cm: 15-25 €/m²

Material prices excluding labour.

How do I calculate the R-value?

R-value (thermal resistance):

• R = d / λ
• Unit: m²K/W
• Higher R = better insulation

Example: EPS 15 cm
R = 0.15 / 0.038 = 3.95 m²K/W

What are PIR/PUR boards?

PIR/PUR insulation:

• Polyisocyanurate/polyurethane
• Best lambda: 0.022-0.028 W/mK
• Thin boards, high insulation
• More expensive

Ideal where space is limited.

How do I check insulation quality?

Checks:

• CE marking is mandatory
• Declared λ (lambda)
• Reaction to fire class
• Compressive strength

Avoid products without documentation.

Can you over-insulate?

Excessive insulation:

• Economically unviable beyond a certain thickness
• Not harmful to the structure
• Passive houses use 30-40 cm

Optimum: the point where ROI is still acceptable (10-15 years).

How do I insulate metal columns?

Metal columns (thermal bridge):

• Wrap with at least 5 cm of insulation
• Use PIR/PUR for smaller thicknesses
• Watch out for condensation

Untreated metal columns can cause mould.

How do I insulate the plinth?

Building plinth:

• XPS (waterproof insulation)
• Thickness: 8-12 cm
• From the foundation to 30 cm above ground
• Protective layer: cement coat + mesh

EPS is NOT used for the plinth because of moisture!

Stairs

How do I measure the space for stairs?

Required measurements:

1. Total height (H) - from finished floor to finished floor of the upper storey
2. Available length (L) - space for the stairs in plan
3. Stair width - minimum 80 cm for residential spaces

The calculator automatically calculates the optimal tread and riser dimensions.

What is stair ergonomics?

Ergonomics is checked with the formula: 2h + b = 63 cm (±3 cm)

Where:
• h = riser height (ideally 16-18 cm)
• b = tread depth (ideally 28-32 cm)

The calculator automatically checks ergonomics and marks it green (ok), yellow (acceptable) or red (uncomfortable).

Which type of stairs should I choose?

Available types:

• Single flight - simplest, needs the most space
• Two flights with a landing - saves space
• L/U shape - for narrow spaces
• Curved - minimal space
• Three flights - for greater heights

The choice depends on the available space and height.

How many steps do I need?

Formula: Number of steps = total height / riser height

Example:
• Total height: 280 cm
• Desired riser height: 17.5 cm
• Number of steps: 280 / 17.5 = 16 steps

The calculator automatically optimises the number for ergonomics.

What is the minimum stair width?

Recommended widths:

• Minimum: 80 cm (residential buildings)
• Standard: 90-100 cm
• Comfortable: 110-120 cm
• Public buildings: min. 120 cm

Width affects comfort of use and the ability to carry furniture.

What is a landing and when is it needed?

A landing is a flat platform between flights of stairs.

It is needed:
• When the stairs change direction
• Every 18 steps (maximum in a single flight)
• For resting on tall staircases

Minimum landing depth = stair width

How do I calculate the stair slope?

Formula: Slope = arctan(h / b)

Where:
• h = riser height
• b = tread depth

Recommended slope:
• Ideal: 30° - 38°
• Acceptable: 25° - 42°
• Above 42° = too steep for everyday use

How do I calculate the tread depth?

Formula from the ergonomic equation: b = 63 - 2h

Example:
• Riser height h = 17 cm
• Depth: b = 63 - 2×17 = 29 cm

Minimum depth: 25 cm
Ideal depth: 28-32 cm

What is a stair riser?

Riser:

• The vertical part of the step
• Height = h (riser height)
• Can be closed or open
• A closed riser is safer for children

Open stairs give the space a lighter look.

How do I calculate concrete for stairs?

Concrete volume:

• Slab: length × width × thickness
• Steps: ½ × b × h × width × number
• Total: slab + steps + 10% extra

The calculator calculates the volume automatically.

How do I reinforce stairs?

Stair reinforcement:

• Bottom zone: Ø10-12 at 15 cm
• Top zone: Ø8-10 at 20 cm
• Distribution: Ø8 at 25 cm
• Anchors at the start and end

The calculator shows the reinforcement layout.

What is the minimum headroom?

Headroom:

• Minimum: 200 cm
• Recommended: 210-220 cm
• Measured vertically from the edge of the step

Low headroom = bumping your head!

How do I calculate the balustrade?

Stair balustrade:

• Height: min. 90 cm (100 cm for a drop of more than 100 cm)
• Baluster spacing: max 12 cm (children!)
• Length: length of the sloping line of the stairs

A balustrade is mandatory for more than 3 steps.

How do I calculate L-shaped stairs?

L-shaped stairs (90° turn):

• Two flights at 90°
• Winder section with 3-4 treads
• Or a landing at the turn

The calculator automatically distributes the steps between the flights.

How do I calculate U-shaped stairs?

U-shaped stairs (180° turn):

• Two parallel flights
• Landing or winder section at the end
• Saves length

Stairwell width: 2 × stair width + gap.

What are winder stairs?

Winder stairs:

• Steps that fan out
• Narrow side min. 10 cm
• Wide side max 40 cm
• Tread depth on the walking line (30 cm from the narrow side)

Harder to walk on than straight stairs.

What is the walking line?

Walking line:

• An imaginary line of movement on the stairs
• 30 cm from the inner edge (narrow side)
• Tread depth is measured on the walking line

Critical for ergonomics on winder stairs.

How do I calculate curved stairs?

Curved stairs:

• Defined by the inner radius and angle
• The tread is measured on the walking line
• The inner side is narrower than the outer

The calculator computes all dimensions based on the radius.

What is the thickness of a concrete stair slab?

Slab thickness:

• Minimum: 12-15 cm
• Standard: 15-18 cm
• Longer spans: 18-22 cm

Depends on the span and load. Consult a structural engineer.

How do I calculate formwork for stairs?

Stair formwork:

• Soffit: sloping length × width
• Sides: 2 × profile area
• Risers: number × width × h

Stair formwork is complex - ready-made systems are often used.

What are the advantages of precast stairs?

Precast stairs:

• Faster installation
• Less wet work
• Consistent quality
• More expensive transport

Installed with a crane after the walls.

How do I clad concrete stairs?

Stair finishes:

• Wood: warm, elegant, 20-30 €/step
• Stone: durable, 50-100 €/step
• Tiles: practical, 15-25 €/step
• Carpet: soft, 10-20 €/step

Account for the thickness of the finish in the riser height!

How do I calculate the finish material?

For stair finishes:

• Tread: width × depth × number
• Riser: width × height × number
• Landing: length × width

Add 10% for cutting and waste.

What is an anti-slip strip?

Anti-slip protection:

• Stickers on the edge of the tread
• Aluminium profiles with rubber
• Textured tiles
• Mandatory for public buildings

Increases safety, especially for elderly people.

How do I light stairs?

Stair lighting:

• LED strip under the treads
• Wall lights every 3-4 steps
• Motion sensor for automatic switching on
• Min. 100 lux on the tread

Good lighting prevents falls.

How much does building stairs cost?

Approximate prices (2024):

• Concrete (cast): 150-250 €/step
• Precast concrete: 100-180 €/step
• Steel: 200-400 €/step
• Wooden: 150-300 €/step

Prices include material and labour.

How do I calculate the load capacity of stairs?

Stair loads:

• Residential: 3 kN/m² (300 kg/m²)
• Public: 4-5 kN/m²
• Plus self-weight

A structural engineer sizes the reinforcement according to the load.

How do I repair old stairs?

Repairing old stairs:

• Concrete damage: repair mortar
• Flaking: new finish
• Structural damage: consult a structural engineer

Check the cause of the damage before repairing.

Stairs for outdoor use

Outdoor stairs:

• Anti-slip tiles (R11-R12)
• Tread slope 1-2% outwards
• Frost-resistant concrete
• Stainless steel or aluminium balustrade

Winter maintenance: salt can damage concrete.

General

How do I use the calculator?

Basic steps:

1. Choose a calculator from the home page
2. Enter the required dimensions
3. Press 'Calculate'
4. Review the results
5. Save or export a PDF

All calculators automatically convert units and add allowances.

How do I save a calculation?

To save a calculation:

1. Calculate the materials
2. Click 'Save' or 'Save to project'
3. Enter a name for the calculation
4. The calculation is available in History or Projects

You need to be signed in to save.

How do I export a PDF?

To export a PDF:

1. Make a calculation
2. Click the 'PDF' button
3. Choose a template (PRO users)
4. The PDF is generated and opened

The PDF contains all the entered data and results.

What are projects?

Projects group calculations:

• Create a project for each construction site
• Add client details
• All calculations are saved to the project
• Export everything as a single PDF

Ideal for tracking larger jobs.

How do I change the language?

Changing the language:

1. Open Settings
2. Find 'Language'
3. Select the language you want

The app supports 13 languages including English, German, French, and others.

What is the PRO version?

The PRO version includes:

• No ads
• Professional PDF templates
• Company logo on PDFs
• Automatic quote numbering
• Offline access to all calculations

Subscription or one-time purchase.

How do I add a company logo?

Adding a logo (PRO):

1. Open Settings
2. Find 'Business profile'
3. Click 'Add logo'
4. Select an image
5. The logo appears on all PDFs

How do I use it offline?

Offline use:

• Calculators work without the internet
• Saved calculations are available offline
• Syncs when you reconnect

PRO users have full offline access.

How do I share a calculation?

Sharing a calculation:

1. Open the calculation
2. Click 'Share'
3. Choose a method: link, WhatsApp, email

The recipient sees the same data and can continue the calculation.

How do I compare calculations?

Comparing calculations:

1. Select two saved calculations
2. Click 'Compare'
3. You see the difference in materials and price

Useful for comparing different options.

How do I report a bug?

To report a bug:

1. Open 'Have a question or suggestion?'
2. Describe the problem
3. Add a screenshot if possible

We respond within 24-48 hours.

How do I convert units?

Unit conversion:

• The app automatically converts cm ↔ m
• Results are shown in practical units
• m² for areas, m³ for volumes, kg for weights

You don't need to convert manually.

What does material allowance mean?

Material allowance:

• An addition for cutting and waste
• Usually 5-15% depending on the material
• The calculator automatically adds the recommended allowance

Better a little extra than a shortage of material!

How do I use the calculation history?

Calculation history:

1. Open 'History' from the menu
2. Browse all previous calculations
3. Click to open
4. You can edit or re-export

The history is kept in your account.

How do I delete a calculation?

To delete a calculation:

1. Open History or a Project
2. Find the calculation
3. Swipe left or click 'Delete'
4. Confirm the deletion

Deleted calculations cannot be restored.

How do I duplicate a calculation?

To duplicate a calculation:

1. Open a saved calculation
2. Click 'Copy'
3. Change the data you need
4. Save as a new calculation

Useful for similar projects.

How do I use the statistics?

Usage statistics:

1. Open 'Statistics' from the menu
2. View total calculations
3. See the most-used calculators
4. Track areas and volumes by project

Available to signed-in users.

How do I change the theme (light/dark)?

Changing the theme:

1. Open Settings
2. Find 'Appearance'
3. Choose: Light, Dark, or Automatic

Automatic follows the device settings.

How do I undo an entry?

To undo an entry:

• Click 'Clear' to clear a field
• Close the calculator without saving
• Use the 'Reset' button

Unsaved calculations are lost when you leave.

How do I add more rooms?

To add rooms:

1. Click 'Add area' or '+'
2. Enter the dimensions of the new room
3. Give it a name
4. Repeat for all rooms

The calculator adds up all areas automatically.

How do I subtract openings?

To subtract openings:

1. Find 'Openings' or 'Deductions'
2. Enter the window/door dimensions
3. Add all openings

The calculator automatically deducts the area of the openings.

How do I contact support?

To get in touch:

• Email: info@art-visum.hr
• In the app: 'Have a question or suggestion?'

We answer all enquiries within 24-48 hours on working days.

How do I update the app?

Updating the app:

• Android: automatically via the Play Store
• Web: always the latest version

We update regularly with new calculators and improvements.

How accurate is the app?

Calculation accuracy:

• Based on industry standards
• Average consumption values are used
• Actual consumption can vary by ±10-15%

For critical projects consult an expert.

Which languages are supported?

Supported languages:

• Croatian, English, German
• French, Dutch, Slovenian
• Polish, Spanish, Portuguese
• Ukrainian, Hindi, Serbian (Latin and Cyrillic)

13 languages in total.

How do I change the units of measurement?

Changing units:

1. Open Settings
2. Find 'Units'
3. Choose: metric or imperial

Most calculators use centimetres for input.

Why is sign-in required?

Signing in enables:

• Saving calculations to the cloud
• Access from multiple devices
• Data synchronisation
• PRO features

Calculators also work without signing in, but data is not saved.

How do I delete my account?

To delete your account:

1. Open Settings
2. Find 'Security'
3. Click 'Delete account'
4. Confirm with your password

All data will be permanently deleted.

How do I recover a forgotten password?

To reset your password:

1. Click 'Forgot password'
2. Enter your email address
3. Check your email for the link
4. Set a new password

The link is valid for 24 hours.

Drywall

Which drywall mode should I choose?

The calculator has four modes:

• Ceiling – suspended ceiling with CD/UD profiles
• Partition wall – CW/UW studs, boarded on both sides
• Wall lining – lining of an existing wall (CW/UW or CD/UD)
• Plastering – only finishing compound over the surface

Pick the mode first, then enter the area.

How do I enter the area of a partition wall?

Enter the area of ONE side (length × height, minus large openings).

Example: wall 4 m × 2.6 m = 10.4 m².
Boards and screws are counted for both sides and the chosen number of layers (1 or 2); mineral wool is counted once.

How are the reserve and packaging handled?

The default reserve is 10 % and applies to boards, profiles, wool and, in Plastering mode, the finishing compound. Results are rounded up to whole packages (boards by the piece, profiles in 3 m lengths, screws in boxes, compound in buckets).

Example: 20 m² ceiling → 20 ÷ 2.4 × 1.1 = 9.2 → 10 boards.

Which consumption norms does the drywall calculator use?

Working norms per m²:
• Boards 1200×2000 mm: 0.42 pcs per layer
• Ceiling: 3.0 m CD and 0.5 m UD profiles
• Partition and lining: 2.0 m CW and 0.7 m UW profiles
• Joint compound: 0.35 kg (ceiling), 0.5 kg (partition), 0.4 kg (lining)

These are working values, not a standard. The products are covered by EN 520 (boards), EN 14195 (profiles) and EN 13963 (joint compounds). The full table is on the Standards page.

How do I calculate a plasterboard ceiling?

1. Choose the Ceiling mode.
2. Enter the ceiling area in m².
3. Keep or change the 10 % allowance.

The ceiling uses CD and UD profiles (3.0 and 0.5 m per m²).

Example: ceiling 20 m² → 20 × 0.42 × 1.1 = 9.2 → 10 boards.

Stone carpet

How do I measure the area and choose the layer thickness?

1. Measure the length and width of the surface in metres and multiply them.
2. Choose the layer thickness (8, 10, 12 or 15 mm).
3. For edges and stairs add a reserve of 5 or 10 %.

Example: 4 m × 2.5 m = 10 m². With a 10 mm layer you need 150 kg of stone (6 bags of 25 kg).

What affects the real consumption of a stone carpet?

The calculation is indicative. Consumption changes with:

• flatness and preparation of the substrate
• edges and stairs
• grain size of the stone
• the way the mix is prepared
• workmanship

For irregular surfaces choose a larger reserve.

What is the consumption norm for stone carpet?

The calculator norm: 15 kg of stone per m² for every cm of layer, without allowance; binder in a 1:15 ratio.

Per m²: 8 mm = 12 kg, 10 mm = 15 kg, 12 mm = 18 kg, 15 mm = 22.5 kg of stone (binder: 0.8 / 1 / 1.2 / 1.5 kg). Actual consumption depends on the grain size and the workmanship.

How many bags of stone should I buy?

Stone is counted in bags of 25 kg, rounded up to whole bags.

Example: 10 m² with a 10 mm layer = 150 kg of stone = 6 bags of 25 kg. The allowance for edges and steps increases the quantity.

Which layer thickness should I choose?

The calculator offers 8, 10, 12 and 15 mm. A thicker layer uses proportionally more stone (15 mm = 22.5 kg/m²). Choose the thickness according to the manufacturer's instructions and the use of the surface.

Epoxy floor

How do I calculate an epoxy floor step by step?

1. Measure the length and width of the surface and multiply them to get m².
2. Choose one of the 7 systems.
3. Set the primer, epoxy and topcoat rates and the number of coats (for the self-levelling system, the thickness in mm).
4. Optionally pick decorative chips.
5. Press Calculate.

Example: system 3 on 50 m² gives 60 kg of material to buy (primer 20 kg, epoxy 30 kg, topcoat 10 kg).

How do I read the result: consumption and packs?

The table shows the calculated consumption in kg and the packs to buy. Primer comes in 30 and 10 kg packs, epoxy in 30 and 16 kg, topcoat in 5 and 1 kg. The quantity to buy is the sum of the packs, so it is usually larger than the calculated consumption. Quartz and chips are shown in kg without packs. For real quantities, check the manufacturer's technical data sheet.

Which consumption norms does the epoxy calculator use?

Working norms:
• Primer: 250–400 g/m²
• Epoxy: 250–300 g/m² per coat (1–2 coats)
• Topcoat: 70–120 g/m² per coat (1–2 coats)
• Quartz broadcast: 2 kg/m²
• Self-levelling system: 0.85 kg/m² per mm

Packs: primer 30 and 10 kg, epoxy 30 and 16 kg, topcoat 5 and 1 kg. Actual consumption depends on the substrate; check the manufacturer's data sheet.

How do I choose an epoxy system?

The calculator offers 7 systems. They differ in layers: primer, epoxy coat, optional quartz broadcast, decorative chips and topcoat; the self-levelling system is entered by thickness in mm. Check the details of each system in the calculator and in the manufacturer's data sheet.

How do I add decorative chips?

In the calculator, optionally select decorative chips.

Norms: 150, 350 or 500 g/m², or full flake at 1.1 kg/m². For full flake the topcoat is about 333 + 167 g/m². Chips are shown in kg, without packs.

2D planner

How do I make a 2D tile layout plan?

1. Open the 2D floor planner and enter the room dimensions.
2. Enter the tile format and the joint width.
3. Choose the laying pattern and the starting point.
4. In the drawing, full and cut tiles are coloured differently.
5. Download the PDF with the layout and the cut list.

Which laying pattern should I choose?

• Straight: the simplest, with the fewest cuts.
• Offset 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 or 3/4: joints are staggered from row to row.
• Herringbone: for long formats; the longer side must be roughly a whole multiple (2–8×) of the shorter side plus the joint.
• Diagonal and chevron (45°): more cuts, so plan a larger allowance.

How do I enter an L-shaped, U-shaped or free-form room?

1. In the planner, choose the room shape.
2. For L and U, enter the lengths of the legs.
3. For a free-form room, draw the outline; walls are horizontal and vertical.
4. Add columns as rectangles inside the room.

If the shape is not valid (walls cross), the planner shows a message.

How do I read the purchase estimate in the planner?

The planner shows the number of full and cut pieces, the area, the waste and the number of packs. The purchase is an estimate: except for the pattern that reuses offcuts, every cut piece counts as a new piece. Actual dimensions on site may differ, so keep an allowance.

Can the planner be used for laminate, vinyl and parquet?

Yes. Choose the material (tiles, laminate, vinyl or parquet), enter the plank dimensions and the number of pieces per pack. For planks you can enable reuse of cut offcuts and set the minimum joint offset between neighbouring rows.

Microcement

How do I calculate microcement consumption?

1. Enter the areas to be coated.
2. Choose the system and the number of coats.
3. Enter the consumption per coat from the manufacturer's data sheet.
4. Add the allowance and the pack size.

The calculator multiplies the consumption per coat by the number of coats and the area, and rounds the number of packs up.

What affects real microcement consumption?

• Preparation and absorbency of the substrate.
• Application technique and coat thickness.
• The protective sealer (water-based or solvent-based) is calculated separately.

Always take the consumption from the manufacturer's data sheet.